1. What is the meaning of Fiqh?
Fiqh means to know the Shariah rules that depend on the Qur’an, Sunnah, and censuses.
2. What is the meaning of Madhhab?
Madhhab means it is some rules of the religion and life, it is more limited than religion.
3. How many authentic Madhhabs for Muslims?
We have four Madhhabs:
1. Hanafi Madhhab is well known because of Uthmani Empire.
2. Maliki Madhhab is well known because of Madina City.
3. Shafiai Madhhab is well known because of the Power of Religious Knowledge.
4. Hanbali Madhhab is well known because of the Support of Wahabi thoughts and with their money.
4. A small brief about Shafiai:
Shafiai went to Mecca for asking knowledge from Sufyan Al-Thawiri, and Abu Muslim Al-Zngi, Then To Madina, asking knowledge from Imam Malik, then To Iraq, asking knowledge from Imam Muhammad Ibn Al-Hassan, then To Yaman, thenTo Egypt.
Shafiai is the main link between the all of four Madhhabs. He wrote his book two times, one in Iraq, the second in Egypt. The difference between the two books in twenty issues, and some scholars said fourteen issues.
The main elements of Shafiai Madhhab:
1. Actions are but by intentions . As the Prophet (PBUH) said.
2. Any harm that will hurt, must be removed. A pregnant woman that her life in dangerous, she has to make abortion.
3. Certainty is not removed by doubt. The prophet (PBUH) said” No (he does not have to perform ablution) unless he notices a smell or hears a sound.”
4. The Easy one must be approval than the Hard one. The prophet
(PBUH) said “Avoid that which I forbid you to do and do that which I command you to do to the best of your capacity. Verily the people before you went to their doom because they had put too many questions to their Prophets and then disagreed with their teachings.”
5. Traditional must be approval if there is no rule in Quran or Sunnah, we call it also Al-Aruf.
These are the five elements of Shafiai Madhhab.
Wudu
What is the meaning of Wudu?
Wudu means cleanliness and brightness. But in Islam it refers to washing the face, arms, head and feet with clean water. In other words, it is called ablution.
It is obligatory before prayer or similar worship acts.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ وَامْسَحُوا بِرُءُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ ۚ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ جُنُبًا فَاطَّهَّرُوا ۚ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مَرْضَىٰ أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ أَوْ لَامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ مِنْهُ ۚ مَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيَجْعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ حَرَجٍ وَلَٰكِنْ يُرِيدُ لِيُطَهِّرَكُمْ وَلِيُتِمَّ نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ
Allah says: “Believers, when you are about to pray, wash your faces, and your hands and arms up to the elbows, and pass your wet hands lightly over your heads, and wash your feet up to the ankles. If you are in a state of ceremonial impurity, purify yourselves. But if you are ill, or on a journey, or if one of you has come from the toilet, or if you have been in intimate contact with women and can find no water, then have recourse to pure dust, passing therewith lightly over your faces and your hands. Allah does not want to impose any hardship on you, but He wants to purify you, and to bestow on you the full measure of His blessings, so that you may be grateful.”
Requirements:
For ablution to be valid, it must comply with the following requirements:
1. Belief in Islam, sanity and sense of discrimination: It cannot be done by an unbeliever, a mad person or a child that does not discriminate between actions.
2. Intention: as the Prophet (PBUH) says “Actions are but by intentions.”
3. Clean water: Ablution cannot be done using water that has been contaminated by impurity.
Kinds of water:
1. The water of the sky
2. The water of the sea.
3. The water of the river.
4. The water of the well.
5. The water of spring (Al-Ayan).
6. The water of snow.
7. The water of hail.
4. Removal of anything that prevents skin contact with water, such as the presence of wax or dough on some spots, or nail varnish.
5. Immediate progress from one action to the next.
6. Following the proper order.
7. Washing all the organs that are required to be washed.
The obligatory part:
1. Washing one’s whole face, Allah says “Believers, when you are
about to pray, wash your faces…”
2. Washing one’s arms up to the elbows, as the relevant verse makes clear: “…wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows…”
3. Wiping one’s head with one’s wet hand. There are different views on this, though the one we uphold is to wipe one’s whole head.
However, some scholars consider wiping a part of one’s head
sufficient. Allah says “…and wipe over your heads…”
4. Washing one’s feet up to the ankles, Allah says “…and wash your feet up to the ankles…”
5. Following the proper order: This is required because Allah mentions
it in order and the Prophet (PBUH) performed his ablutions in the
same order mentioned by Allah: the face, then the arms, then the
head then the feet.
6. Continuous progress: This means washing one organ immediately after the one before it, without delay.
The Prophet (PBUH) used to perform his ablution without leaving gaps between washing the different parts.
The recommended part:
Certain actions are recommended when performing the ablution. These are Sunnah, which means that a person who does them earns a reward, while the one who omits them misses out on a reward but his ablution is valid.
These are:
1. Saying, “In the name of Allah” at the beginning, as the Prophet
(PBUH) says “A person who does not say the name of Allah when
doing the ablution does not have his ablution complete.”
2. Brushing one’s teeth. As the Prophet (PBUH) says “Had it not been for fear that I make things too hard for my community, I would have ordered them to brush their teeth every time they performed the
ablution.”
3. Washing one’s hands three times at the start, because the Prophet (PBUH) did.
4. Rubbing one’s face to ensure that one’s wet fingers go through one’s thick beard. As the Prophet (PBUH) says “When the Prophet (PBUH) performed his ablution, he rubbed his arms.”
“The Prophet (PBUH) took water below his jaws to go through his
beard.”
5. Starting with the right hand or foot, as the Prophet (PBUH) did that: “The Prophet (PBUH) liked to start with the right when putting on his shoes, dismounting, performing ablution and all matters.”
6. Washing one’s face, hands and feet three times. What is obligatory is once only, but it is recommended to do it three times, because the Prophet (PBUH) did that. “At different times he washed each part once, or twice or three times.”
7. Rinsing one’s mouth. The Prophet (PBUH) says “When you perform the ablution, rinse your mouth.”
8. Cleaning one’s nose. The Prophet (PBUH) says “When you perform the ablution, take some water in your nose and blow your nose.”
9. Wiping one’s ears using one’s forefinger to wipe the inside of one’s ears and one’s thumb to wipe the outside. 10.
Glorification after the ablution. The Prophet (PBUH) says “For
any of you who performs the ablution and does it well, then says, “I bear witness that there is no deity other than Allah; He has no
partners; and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and
messenger,” will have all eight gates of heaven opened and he may enter through any one he wishes.”
11. Economy in using water. The Prophet (PBUH) says “that the
Prophet (PBUH) used to wash his body for purification, using the
equivalent of two liters.
Dry ablution (Tayammum)
What is the meaning of Tayammum?
The Arabic word tayammum, which is translated as ‘dry ablution’, means wiping one’s face and arms with dust in a particular way as an act of worship when using water is not possible.
Ruling:
Dry ablution is a legitimate concession granted by Allah says in the Qur’an to His servants. It is one of the distinctive aspects of Islamic law and it is peculiar to the Muslim community.
Allah says “Believers, when you are about to pray, wash your faces, and your hands and arms up to the elbows, and pass your wet hands lightly over your heads, and wash your feet up to the ankles. If you are in a state of ceremonial impurity, purify yourselves. But if you are ill, or on a journey, or if one of you has come from the toilet, or if you have been in intimate contact with women and can find no water, then have recourse to pure dust, passing therewith lightly over your faces and your hands. God does not want to impose any hardship on you, but He wants to purify you, and to bestow on you the full measure of His blessings, so that you may be grateful.” (5.6)
The Prophet (PBUH) said “Pure dust is adequate, even if you continue to be without water for ten years. When you have water, then use it to wash yourself.
Ghusl
What is the meaning of Ghusl?
Ghusl in Islam is to pour pure water over one’s body in a special way with the intention of worshipping Allah. And it is obligatory in some cases like semen discharge, converting to Islam, after menstruation.
The Arabic word ghusl means to take a bath to wash the whole of one’s body. In the Islamic context it means pouring pure water over the entire body in a particular way, with the intention of worshipping Allah by uplifting the state of major ritual impurity.
Ruling:
The ghusl is obligatory when there is a cause requiring it. Allah says “If you are in a state of ceremonial impurity, purify yourselves.”
Taking a bath, i.e. performing the ghusl, is obligatory in the following cases:
1. The ejaculation of semen as per the ayah mentioned above.
2. The insertion of the top of the penis into a woman’s vagina, even if no discharge takes place. As the Prophet (PBUH) said “If a man lies between her four limbs and the two private parts are in touch, the ghusl becomes obligatory.”
In this case, taking a bath is obligatory for both man and woman.
3. Embracing Islam by an unbeliever. The Prophet (PBUH) says “to
take a bath when he accepted Islam.”
4. When a woman finishes her menstrual period or postnatal bleeding. A’ishah reports that the Prophet (PBUH) said to Fatimah bint Abi Hubaysh: “When you start your period, do not pray, and when you finish it, perform the ghusl and pray.”
It is universally agreed that postnatal bleeding is treated in the same way as menstruation.
5. Death. When Zaynab, the Prophet’s (PBUH) eldest daughter, died, The Prophet (PBUH) said “Wash her.
